The post-Hellenistic period (100 BC-250 AD) saw an exciting efflorescence of philosophical activity. This project is working towards a major new collaborative history of the period which starts from a recognition that its intellectual structures are pan-Mediterranean in character. Instead of an east-west divide between a scholarship which looks back to the Athenian schools and new religious movements looking forward to Neoplatonism and Christianity, we aim to describe a shared, but geographically dispersed, intellectual arena in which major shifts in philosophy arise from new opportunities for debate.